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Paraconsistent Logic and the Metaphysics of the Incarnation

A Defense of Jc Beall's Contradictory Christology

Vincent Ray M. Daut

From: Loyola Papers Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)

  • September 8, 2025
  • pp. 67–96

Abstract

This article expounds and defends philosopher Jc Beall's 'Contradictory Christology,' which holds that the Chalcedonian formula—Christ as both fully divine and fully human—entails a genuine logical contradiction that need not be resolved. Using First-Degree Entailment, a paraconsistent logic that permits contradictions without triggering logical explosion, the paper explains how Beall's account preserves the classical truth and falsity conditions while widening the space of logical possibility to include 'gluts.' It presents Beall's seven virtues for accepting Contradictory Christology, then answers five major objections, concluding that accepting Christ's contradictory identity is more faithful to Chalcedon than the many consistent, but historically heretical, alternatives, and that this contradiction is ultimately an object of faith rather than a problem to be logically resolved.

Research Areas: Philosophy, Systematic Theology

Keywords: analytic theology, Christology, Council of Chalcedon, First-Degree Entailment, Hypostatic Union, Incarnation, Jc Beall, paraconsistent logic